What is the Bohr structure for hydrogen?
Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom is based on three postulates: (1) an electron moves around the nucleus in a circular orbit, (2) an electron’s angular momentum in the orbit is quantized, and (3) the change in an electron’s energy as it makes a quantum jump from one orbit to another is always accompanied by the …
How does the Bohr model explain atomic structure?
In the Bohr model of the atom, electrons travel in defined circular orbits around the nucleus. The orbits are labeled by an integer, the quantum number n. Electrons can jump from one orbit to another by emitting or absorbing energy.
How did Sommerfeld extend Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom?
Sommerfeld’s extension of Bohr’s atomic model was moti- vated by the quest for a theory of the Zeeman and Stark effects. The crucial idea was that a spectral line is made up of coinciding frequencies which are decomposed in an applied field.
How did Sommerfeld modified Bohr’s atomic theory?
German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld modified Bohr’s theory by quantizing the shapes and orientations of orbits to introduce additional energy levels corresponding to the fine spectral lines.
How does the Bohr theory explain the atomic spectrum of hydrogen?
Niels Bohr explained the line spectrum of the hydrogen atom by assuming that the electron moved in circular orbits and that orbits with only certain radii were allowed. The orbit closest to the nucleus represented the ground state of the atom and was most stable; orbits farther away were higher-energy excited states.
Why was Bohr model proposed by Bohr?
Bohr Atomic Model : In 1913 Bohr proposed his quantized shell model of the atom to explain how electrons can have stable orbits around the nucleus. To remedy the stability problem, Bohr modified the Rutherford model by requiring that the electrons move in orbits of fixed size and energy.
What did John Dalton discover about the atomic theory?
A theory of chemical combination, first stated by John Dalton in 1803. It involves the following postulates: (1) Elements consist of indivisible small particles (atoms). (2) All atoms of the same element are identical; different elements have different types of atom. (3) Atoms can neither be created nor destroyed.
What did the Bohr model explain?
In 1913 Bohr proposed his quantized shell model of the atom to explain how electrons can have stable orbits around the nucleus. The energy of an electron depends on the size of the orbit and is lower for smaller orbits. Radiation can occur only when the electron jumps from one orbit to another.
What is the contribution of Sommerfeld for atomic model?
As professor of theoretical physics at Munich (1906–31), he did his most important work. His investigations of atomic spectra led him to suggest that, in the Bohr model of the atom, the electrons move in elliptical orbits as well as circular ones. From this idea he postulated the azimuthal quantum number.
What are the three refinements in Bohr’s atom that were worked out by Sommerfeld?
The refinements were: (a) the introduction of elliptic orbits; (b) allowance for an orbiting motion of the nucleus; and (c) the consideration of relativistic mass effects. We discuss each of these in turn.
How could Sommerfeld explain the fine structure of hydrogen spectral lines?
According to Sommerfeld, the velocity of the electron is maximum when the electron is nearest to the nucleus and minimum when it is farthest from the nucleus, since the orbit of the electron is elliptical. Based on this idea, Sommerfeld successfully explained the fine structure of spectral lines of hydrogen atom.
How does Sommerfeld model of atom introduced the concept of sub shell?
These are s,p,d,f. These sub shells possess slightly different energies. *Bohr gave a quantum number ‘n’, which determines the energy of electron. *Sommerfeld introduced a new quantum number called Orbital or Azimuthal Quantum number ( l ) which determines the orbital angular momentum of electron.
How does Bohr Sommerfeld explain the spectrum of the hydrogen atom?
Bohr Sommerfeld model completely agreed with the experimental results of the hydrogen atom including the fine structure(relativistic effects) in the old quantum mechanics. Bohr Sommerfeld quantization theory can explain all about the spectrum lines of Hydrogen atom. Youhei Tsubono Top page (correct Bohr model including the two-electron atoms)
How did Bohr and Sommerfeld explain the Stark effect?
The new and more general Bohr–Sommerfeld theory described the atom in terms of two quantum numbers, while Bohr had originally used only one quantum number. With this extension the theory provided an explanation of the Stark effect, the ordinary Zeeman effect, and the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum.
Is the Bohr Sommerfeld model the same as the quantum mechanics?
Bohr model is the same as the quantum mechanics in allenergy levels of the hydrogen atom. The ordinary textbooks often say that this is only a “accidental” coincidence. In fact, Schrodinger’s hydrogen is one of Bohr-Sommerfeld models also from the “mathematical” viewpoint.
When was the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom published?
Although the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom was a tremendous triumph, Bohr’s ideas were not immediately accepted; in fact, prominent physicists expressed considerable skepticism. Bohr’s three papers, the Trilogy, were published in the spring and summer of 1913.