Where does reovirus replication occur?
Most orthoreoviruses are nonpathogenic, but the genera Orbivirus and Rotavirus contain several important pathogens. Reovirus replication occurs in the cytoplasm. The endocytosed virion is uncoated only partially, by lysosomal hydrolases, to a subviral particle.
How does the rotavirus replicate?
The rotavirus replicates in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Virions enter the host cell by endocytosis and viral mRNA is transcribed using the viral RNA polymerase that is already present in the virion to form structural protein units of the capsid.
What is reovirus in plants?
The plant-infecting reoviruses are double-shelled icosahedral particles, from 50 to 80nm in diameter, and include from 10 to 12 segmented double-stranded genomic RNAs depending on the viruses. These viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by the vector insects and replicated in both plants and in their vectors.
What is a replication cycle?
The replication cycle can be highly diverse between different species and categories of viruses. Despite this, there are generally six broad steps required for viral replication to occur successfully. These include attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and virion release.
Does reovirus replicate in the nucleus?
Replication organelles in reovirus-infected cells are nucleated by viral nonstructural proteins µNS and σNS.
How is reovirus transmitted?
The method of transmission of reoviruses is unknown. However, because these viruses are recovered most frequently from the feces, primary spread seems most likely to be by the fecal-oral route.
What form of viral replication does rotavirus use?
However, rotaviruses and other members of the Reoviridae family differ in that they replicate their genomes in concert with virion assembly. Specifically, the segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) rotavirus genome is copied within a subviral assembly intermediate that goes on to become a mature, infectious virion.
Is rotavirus segmented genome?
The rotavirus (RV) genome comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and is contained within a non-enveloped, icosahedral particle. During assembly, a highly coordinated selective packaging mechanism ensures that progeny RV virions contain one of each genome segment.
Is Reoviridae positive-sense?
Life cycle Viruses in the family Reoviridae have genomes consisting of segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Because of this, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into positive-sense RNAs.
What are the 5 stages of viral replication?
Most productive viral infections follow similar steps in the virus replication cycle: attachment, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, and release.
What is human reovirus?
Reovirus. Reovirus is a nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus. This virus was initially not known to be related to any specific disease, and so was named Respiratory Enteric Orphan virus. However, some members of the reovirus family have been shown to cause mild illnesses such as diarrhea [5,30].
Where does replication take place in a Reoviridae virus?
Life cycle of a reovirus Viruses in the family Reoviridae have genomes consisting of segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Because of this, replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm, and the virus encodes several proteins which are needed for replication and conversion of the dsRNA genome into positive-sense RNAs.
What are the characteristics of a reovirus virus?
Reoviruses have three highly interesting and characteristic features regarding replication. They are dsRNA viruses which replicate in the cytoplasm (indicating they have everything they need for replication and do not utilize the cells replication enzymes) and they do not fully uncoat during the process of replication.
How are the proteins of the Reoviridae classified?
Proteins of viruses in the Reoviridae are denoted by the Greek character corresponding to the segment it was translated from (the L segment encodes for λ proteins, the M segment encodes for μ proteins and the S segment encodes for σ proteins).
Why are rotaviruses studied in continuous cell cultures?
Since Rotaviruses are the single most important etiologic agents of severe diarrheal infection in young children, the concentration here will lay with their cycle of replication. The replication cycle has been primarily studied in continuous cell cultures made from monkey kidneys.