How do you administer mitoxantrone?
Mitoxantrone should be given slowly into a freely flowing intravenous infusion. Mitoxantrone must not be given subcutaneously, intramuscularly, or intra-arterially. There have been reports of local/regional neuropathy, some irreversible, following intra-arterial injection.
What does topotecan hydrochloride do?
Topotecan hydrochloride blocks a certain enzyme needed for cell division and DNA repair, and it may kill cancer cells. It is a type of topoisomerase inhibitor and a type of camptothecin analog. Also called Hycamtin.
What are adverse effects of topotecan?
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, weakness, tiredness, or mouth sores may occur. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. People using this medication may have serious side effects.
How long does topotecan take to work?
Proper use of topotecan This 3-day or 5-day treatment is given again every 21 days until your body responds to the medicine. Each treatment usually takes at least 30 minutes. Topotecan often causes nausea and vomiting.
Which of the following is a serious adverse effect of mitoxantrone?
Tell your doctor right away if you have any serious side effects, including: menstrual changes (e.g., stopped periods), unusual bleeding/bruising (e.g., small red spots on the skin, black/bloody stools, bloody urine, vomit that looks like coffee grounds), numbness/tingling feelings, seizure.
How is mitoxantrone used in the treatment of cancer?
Mitoxantrone is a type II topoisomerase inhibitor; it disrupts DNA synthesis and DNA repair in both healthy cells and cancer cells by intercalation between DNA bases. It is also classified as an antibiotic.
When was mitoxantrone approved for the treatment of MS?
In 2000, mitoxantrone was approved by the FDA for the treatment of worsening relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), secondary progressive MS, and progressive-relapsing MS. Mitoxantrone is taken up rapidly by tissues, from which it is released slowly, and the terminal half-life ranges from 8.9 hours to 9 days.
How does mitoxantrone bind to topoisomerase II?
Mitoxantrone is a DNA-intercalating derivative of an anthracenedione antibiotic, which binds to topoisomerase II, thus causing inhibition of DNA and RNA replication.
How is mitoxantrone distributed in the human body?
The drug is rapidly distributed, achieving high levels in erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets and in tissues with high blood flow (liver, spleen and heart). However, it is slowly eliminated from these tissues. Mitoxantrone does not cross the blood–brain barrier. It is 78% protein bound, but other drugs do not influence binding.