What is epistasis and pleiotropy?
Epistasis: When a gene at one location (locus) alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at another locus. Pleiotropy: A single gene controlling or influencing multiple phenotypic traits.
What is called pleiotropy?
The term pleiotropy is derived from the Greek words pleio, which means “many,” and tropic, which means “affecting.” Genes that affect multiple, apparently unrelated, phenotypes are thus called pleiotropic genes (Figure 1).
What defines epistasis?
Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes. In other words, the effect of the mutation is dependent on the genetic background in which it appears.
What are pleiotropy and epistasis provide an example of each?
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene controls or influences multiple phenotypic traits. In epistasis, two or more genes affect one trait while in pleiotropy, one gene affects two or more trait. Thus, this is the key difference between epistasis and pleiotropy.
What is epistasis and examples?
In genetics, epistasis pertains to the interaction of the genes at two or more loci, and as a result the effect of the gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes. Epistasis may be recessive or dominant. An example of epistasis is the fur color of Labrador retrievers, which is a polygenic trait.
What is epistasis Khan Academy?
Variations involving multiple genes For example: Complementary genes. Recessive alleles of two different genes may give the same phenotype. Epistasis. The alleles of one gene may mask or conceal the alleles of another gene.
What is pleiotropy with example?
When one single gene starts affecting multiple traits of living organisms, this phenomenon is known as pleiotropy. A mutation in a gene can result in pleiotropy. One example of pleiotropy is Marfan syndrome, a human genetic disorder affecting the connective tissues.
What is a epistasis in genetics?
Epistasis Epistasis is a circumstance where the expression of one gene is affected by the expression of one or more independently inherited genes. For example, if the expression of gene #2 depends on the expression of gene #1, but gene #1 becomes inactive, then the expression of gene #2 will not occur.
What is epistasis answer?
Correct answer: Epistasis describes the interaction of genes, where the epistatic locus masks the effects of a gene at another locus.
What is a example of epistasis?
An example of epistasis is pigmentation in mice. The wild-type coat color, agouti (AA), is dominant to solid-colored fur (aa). However, a separate gene (C) is necessary for pigment production.
What is epistasis Class 12?
Epistasis is a form of gene interaction in which one gene interferes with the phenotypic expression of another non allelic gene. A gene that masks another gene expression is said to be epistatic and the gene whose expression is masked by a non allelic gene is said to be hypostatic.
What is pleiotropy inheritance?
Pleiotropy (from Greek πλείων pleion, “more”, and τρόπος tropos, “way”) occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Such a gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expression is called a pleiotropic gene.
What is the opposite of epistasis?
A positive epistasis refers to the case in which a combination of mutations has a higher fitness than the one expected from independent mutations. Negative epistasis refers to the opposite: double mutants have lower fitness than expected. Epistasis is a key component of genomic architecture.
What does epistasis, genetic mean?
Epistasis, Genetic A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes.
What does pleiotropy mean?
Definition of pleiotropy. : the phenomenon of a single gene influencing two or more distinct phenotypic traits : the quality or state of being pleiotropic In genetics, there’s a concept called pleiotropy, which posits that a single gene can influence multiple traits.