What muscles do shoulder adduction?
Adduction is accomplished primarily by the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, triceps, and coracobrachialis. The deltoid and the supraspinatus, a muscle that runs along the scapula in the back, are the two main abductors of the shoulder.
What is an abductor of the glenohumeral joint?
The prime flexors of the glenohumeral joint are the deltoid (anterior fibers) and pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) muscles. The prime abductors of the arm are the supraspinatus and deltoid muscles.
What movements occur at the glenohumeral joint?
The major movements at the glenohumeral joint are:
- Abduction: upward lateral movement of humerus out to the side, away from the body, in the plane of the scapula.
- Adduction: downward movement of humerus medially toward the body from abduction, in the plane of the scapula.
What are the 7 movements of the glenohumeral joint?
The human shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body. This mobility provides the upper extremity with tremendous range of motion such as adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and 360° circumduction in the sagittal plane.
Does Infraspinatus abduct?
Infraspinatus is the main external rotator of the shoulder joint. It assists in producing shoulder extension. With the arm fixed, it abducts the inferior angle of the scapula.
What is adduction of the shoulder?
Shoulder adduction occurs when you move your arms towards the middle of the body. A normal range of movement for shoulder adduction is 30 to 50 degrees depending on flexibility and body composition.
What bones make up the glenohumeral joint?
The glenohumeral joint is the one most people think of as the shoulder joint. It is formed where a ball (head) at the top of the humerus fits into a shallow cuplike socket (glenoid) in the scapula, allowing a wide range of movement.
What structures stabilize the glenohumeral joint?
The role the shoulder capsule and anterior glenohumeral ligaments play in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint is complex and varies with both shoulder position and the direction of the translating force.
What is the prime mover of the glenohumeral joint during flexion?
Glenohumeral Joint Muscles – The clavicular portion concentrically contracts to flex the shoulder. – The sternal and costal portions work as one unit and contract to extend the shoulder. – As a whole, the pectoralis major is a prime mover in glenohumeral adduction, internal rotation, and horizontal flexion.
What muscles stabilize the glenohumeral joint?
Periscapular muscles serve to anchor the scapula allowing it to function as the base of the glenohumeral joint. This muscle group includes the pectoralis minor, serratus anterior, rhomboids, latissimus dorsi, and trapezius. Activation of these muscles during glenohumeral motion contributes to overall stability (36).
What type of movement is the elbow?
Being a hinge joint, the only movements allowed by the elbow are flexion and extension of the joint and rotation of the radius. The range of motion of the elbow is limited by the olecranon of the ulna, so that the elbow can only extend to around 180 degrees.
How to test the glenohumeral abduction of the shoulder?
Patient pushes down on hands to lift buttocks from table. Patient is prone with shoulder abducted to 90 degrees with folded towel placed under distal arm and forearm hanging vertically over edge of table. Examiner stands at test side giving resistance over volar side of forearm just above the wrist in a downward and forward direction.
What do you need to know about shoulder adductors?
Shoulder Adductors 1 Structure and Function of the Shoulder Complex. The primary muscles that internally rotate the GH joint are the teres major, pectoralis major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and anterior deltoid. 2 A Young Man with Distal Leg Wasting and Normal Sensation. 3 Transfers and bed mobility of people with lower limb paralysis
How is the anterior part of the glenohumeral capsule reinforced?
The anterior portion of the capsule is reinforced by the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments which form a Z-shaped pattern on the capsule. The muscles of the rotator cuff act to reinforce the joint capsule superiorly, posteriorly, and anteriorly.
What are the adductors of the anterior deltoid?
Anterior Deltoid (C5-6), Pectoralis Major (C5-7) (These are the glenohumeral horizontal adductors. Remember that scapular protraction is a large part of this motion, and although you are testing the strength of the GH movement powered by the anterior delt and pec major, weakness in the scapular muscles will affect this motion.)