What are the strategies for polio eradication?
Polio eradication strategies
- High levels of routine immunization.
- Supplementary immunization activities.
- Surveillance.
- Mop-up campaigns.
- Care for post-polio paralysis.
How was the polio vaccination administered?
The inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was available first, given as a shot, in 1955. A more convenient form, called oral polio vaccine (OPV), was given as liquid drops via the mouth. It was developed in 1961. OPV was recommended for use in the United States for almost 40 years, from 1963 until 2000.
What are the three types of polio vaccine?
Production and control of polio vaccines
- An inactivated (killed) polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Dr. Jonas Salk and first used in 1955, and.
- A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.
Why does Pakistan have polio?
Climate. Fecal-oral transmission is the most common source of transmission of the poliovirus in developing countries, including Pakistan. In addition to the poor health and water sanitation infrastructure, the transmission of the virus is also heightened because of the high population density and climate conditions.
How effective is the polio vaccine?
Two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are 90% effective or more against polio; three doses are 99% to 100% effective. A person is considered to be fully vaccinated if he or she has received: four doses of any combination of IPV and tOPV, or.
How effective was the polio vaccine when it first came out?
The Salk vaccine had been 60–70% effective against PV1 (poliovirus type 1), over 90% effective against PV2 and PV3, and 94% effective against the development of bulbar polio. Soon after Salk’s vaccine was licensed in 1955, children’s vaccination campaigns were launched.
What are the two types of polio vaccines?
There are two vaccines used to protect against polio disease, oral polio vaccine and inactivated poliovirus vaccine. The oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is used in many countries to protect against polio disease and has been essential to the eradication effort.
Why do we still vaccinate for polio?
Since 2000, only IPV has been used in the United States to eliminate the risk of vaccine-derived poliovirus that can occur with OPV. This decision was also based on the decreased risk of wild poliovirus being brought into the country and because the U.S. is currently polio-free.
Which polio vaccine is used in Pakistan?
oral polio vaccine
The oral polio vaccine (OPV) administered to children during house-to-house polio campaigns in Pakistan 100% safe, effective and is the essential tool available to protect all children against polio safest It has no common side effects and has been used all over the world to protect children against polio virus.
Is polio a Indian?
Within two decades, India received ‘Polio-free certification’ from World Health Organization on the 27 March 2014, with the last polio case being reported in Howrah in West Bengal on 13 January 2011.
How did India become polio-free?
A study published around this time showed that pulsing three doses of oral polio vaccine offered better immunisation. That led to the concept of ‘pulse immunisation’ conducted in Vellore, which subsequently became the first Indian town to be polio-free in 1983.