What is the management of postpartum haemorrhage?
Management of post-partum haemorrhage (PPH) involves the treatment of uterine atony, evacuation of retained placenta or placental fragments, surgery due to uterine or birth canal trauma, balloon tamponade, effective volume replacement and transfusion therapy, and occasionally, selective arterial embolization.
How do you manage a PPH patient?
To reduce the risk of PPH, aspirin therapy (used in pre-eclampsia) should cease at least 3 days prior to delivery. The management of the third stage of labour in at-risk women should be active with: intravenous access. cross matched blood available for transfusion.
What is PPH medical management?
Procedures used in PPH management include manual removal of the placenta, manual removal of clots, uterine balloon tamponade, and uterine artery embolization. 14, 19, 21, 22. Laceration repair is indicated when PPH is a result of genital tract trauma.
What are the four Ts in PPH?
The Four T’s mnemonic can be used to identify and address the four most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage (uterine atony [Tone]; laceration, hematoma, inversion, rupture [Trauma]; retained tissue or invasive placenta [Tissue]; and coagulopathy [Thrombin]).
What is the nursing role for postpartum hemorrhage?
The primary role of the nurses is to assess and intervene early or during a hemorrhage to help the patient regain her strength and to prevent complications.
Why is Cytotec given after delivery?
Health experts say the drug misoprostol is saving women’s lives around the world. It’s also controversial. Originally developed to prevent gastric ulcers, it’s also been shown to prevent excessive bleeding after childbirth. That’s the leading cause of maternal death in the developing world.
What is the first priority in management of postpartum hemorrhage?
External uterine massage and bimanual compression are generally used as first-line treatments. These compression techniques encourage uterine contractions that counteract atony and assist with expulsion of retained placenta or clots.
What are the three main principles of the treatment of a PPH?
The treatment of patients with PPH has 2 major components: (1) resuscitation and management of obstetric hemorrhage and, possibly, hypovolemic shock and (2) identification and management of the underlying cause(s) of the hemorrhage.
Why is oxytocin given in post partum haemorrhage?
Oxytocin prevents excessive postpartum bleeding by helping the uterus to contract. It is given to the mother by injection into a vein or into muscle during or immediately after the birth of her baby.
When is tranexamic acid given in PPH?
Tranexamic acid should be given to all women with ‘clinically estimated blood loss of more than 500 mL after vaginal birth or 1000 mL after caesarean section, or any blood loss that is sufficient to compromise haemodynamic stability’, regardless of the cause of haemorrhage [22].
What should be done first in postpartum hemorrhage?
Replacing lost blood and fluids is important in treating postpartum hemorrhage. You may quickly be given IV (intravenous) fluids, blood, and blood products to prevent shock. Oxygen may also help. Postpartum hemorrhage can be quite serious.
How does misoprostol help with postpartum hemorrhage?
Misoprostol is another prostaglandin that increases uterine tone and decreases postpartum bleeding. 36 Misoprostol is effective in the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage, but side effects may limit its use. 28,37 It can be administered sublingually, orally, vaginally, and rectally.
What are the tests for postpartum hemorrhage?
Estimation of blood loss (this may be done by counting the number of saturated pads,or by weighing of packs and sponges used to absorb blood; 1 milliliter of blood
How to recognize symptoms of a postpartum hemorrhage?
How to Recognize the Symptoms of a Postpartum Hemorrhage Monitor the mother closely after childbirth. There might have been some trauma during delivery. Keep note of any vaginal bleeding. Some vaginal bleeding is to be expected after childbirth, but if the discharge seems too severe or if the color is bright red, the Speak with a doctor when the patient’s recovery time appears longer than normal.
How to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage?
Method 1 of 3: Taking Care of Yourself During Pregnancy. Maintain a healthy weight.
What are the risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage?
This condition accounts for 75% to 80% of postpartum hemorrhage cases. Risk factors include: an overly distended uterus caused by polyhydramnios, multiple gestation, or macrosomia. uterine muscle exhaustion caused by rapid labor, prolonged labor, or high parity.