What is genotypic resistance test?
Genotypic resistance testing examines the genetic structure (genotype) of a patient’s HIV. A blood sample is taken from the patient, and the HIV is analyzed for the presence of specific genetic mutations that are known to cause resistance to specific drugs.
What is HIV resistance testing?
HIV genotypic antiretroviral resistance testing is used to help select a drug regimen that will likely be effective in treating a person with an HIV infection. The test is used to determine whether the HIV strain infecting an individual is resistant or has developed resistance to one or more drugs used to treat HIV.
What is HIV genotyping?
A multi-step process known as genotyping allows researchers to view the building blocks that make up the virus’s genetic material and thereby detect mutations that signal the emergence of resistant virus.
How do you get HIV resistance?
HIV drug resistance is caused by changes in the genetic structure of HIV that affect the ability of drugs to block the replication of the virus. All current antiretroviral drugs, including newer classes, are at risk of becoming partly or fully inactive because of the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains.
What is genotypic assay?
Genotypic Assay. A type of resistance test that detects drug-resistant mutations in HIV genes. Resistance testing is used to guide selection of an HIV regimen when initiating or changing antiretroviral therapy (ART).
What is a resistance test?
An insulation resistance (IR) test measures the total resistance between any two points separated by electrical insulation. Such tests are useful for checking the quality of insulation, not only when a product is first manufactured but also over time as the product is used. …
How do viruses develop resistance?
A resistance mutation is a mutation in a virus gene that allows the virus to become resistant to treatment with a particular antiviral drug. The term was first used in the management of HIV, the first virus in which genome sequencing was routinely used to look for drug resistance.
What is the HLA B * 5701 allele?
Introduction. The HLA allele B *5701 is strongly associated with hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir [1–4]. Hence, most treatment guidelines recommend that patients initiating abacavir be tested for the presence of this allele, and that those who are positive should not receive abacavir.
What is viral resistance?
Viral resistance to ARV agents can be assessed by either HIV genotype or phenotype assays. Genotype assays, based on PCR and genomic sequencing, identify the presence of key mutations that confer anti-HIV drug resistance. Phenotype assays assess the ability of HIV to replicate in vitro in the presence of ARV agents.
What is transmitted resistance?
Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) results from infection with an HIV-1 strain containing one or more resistance-associated mutations (RAMs). Transmission of a drug-resistant strain usually occurs at the time of initial infection but can also occur with a subsequent exposure, referred to as HIV-1 super-infection.
What is genotypic screening?
The definition of genetic screenings is as follows: a systematic search for persons with a specific genotype. These tests that look into the essence of humanity, will allow scientist and physicians the opportunity and ability to alter the human genotype for better or worse.