What is a mature cystic teratoma?
Mature cystic teratomas are encapsulated tumors with mature tissue or organ components. They are composed of well-differentiated derivations from at least two of the three germ cell layers (i.e. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm).
What causes mature cystic teratoma?
Teratomas result from a complication in the body’s growth process, involving the way that your cells differentiate and specialize. Teratomas arise in your body’s germ cells, which are produced very early in the development of the fetus. Some of these primitive germ cells become your sperm- and egg-producing cells.
What is a teratoma in the testicle?
Testicular teratoma is a neoplasm derived from germ cells of the testicle. It can display diverse biological behavior with an aggressive nature at times, and therefore it must be promptly diagnosed and treated.
Is mature cystic teratoma malignant?
In its pure form, mature cystic teratoma is always benign. Malignant transformation (MT) is an uncommon complication of a mature cystic teratoma. It occurs in approximately 1-3% of all MCT cases, although in one report the frequency was as high as 6.67% [3-5].
What is the difference between mature and immature teratoma?
Mature teratomas are benign tumors, which are most often composed of derivatives of two or three germ cell layers. Only in rare cases is the transition into a malignant tumor observed (most often squamous cell carcinoma). In contrast, immature teratomas are malignant ovarian tumors.
Is immature teratoma curable?
Conclusions: Pure ovarian immature teratoma is a potentially curable disease with a unique natural history. Our data substantiate the hypothesis that low-grade and low-stage tumors do not require chemotherapy, and that a fertility-sparing surgical approach is warranted in all cases.
Should teratomas be removed?
Most teratomas are benign but malignant trans- formation does occur in 1-3% of cases. Teratomas can cause adnexal torsion or they may rupture and provoke acute peritonitis (Jones, 1988). Teratomas should therefore be removed when diagnosed.
Is testicular teratoma curable?
Germ cell tumors are highly sensitive to chemotherapy and are usually curable even if the cancer has spread. But chemotherapy is not very effective for a type of germ cell tumor called a teratoma. This type needs to be removed with surgery.
How big can a teratoma get?
Mature teratomas harboring SCCs tend to be larger than ordinary teratomas, with most measuring more than 10 cm and a mean size of around 13 cm (see Table 26.2).
How is mature cystic teratoma diagnosed?
Most mature cystic teratomas can be diagnosed at ultrasonography (US) but may have a variety of appearances, characterized by echogenic sebaceous material and calcification. At computed tomography (CT), fat attenuation within a cyst is diagnostic.
How is immature teratoma treated?
Treatment for an immature teratoma includes both surgery and chemotherapy, Patients with stage Ia grade 1 immature teratoma are usually treated with surgery alone because the prognosis is excellent. When the grade of the tumor advances to 2 or 3, or the stage goes beyond Ia, chemotherapy is usually recommended.
Is immature teratoma fatal?
Tumor grade is the most important factor for relapse in immature teratomas. Vicus et al. (2011), reported that grade 2 or 3 tumors are associated with a greater chance of relapse that can be fatal, predominantly within 2 years of diagnosis.
When to know if you have a mature cystic teratoma?
Mature cystic teratomas account for ~15% (range 10-20%) of all ovarian neoplasms. They tend to be identified in young women, typically around the age of 30 years 1 and are also the most common ovarian neoplasm in patients younger than 20 years 7.
When does a testicular teratoma appear in a child?
Results: Testicular teratoma is a tumour composed of cells derived from the three embryonic layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). They can appear at any age, but they are much more prevalent in childhood. They appear at any age, but are much more common in childhood, where they comprise up to 30% of all tumours.
When is a teratoma considered to be malignant?
During and after puberty, all teratomas are regarded as malignant because even mature teratomas (composed of entirely mature histologic elements) can metastasize to retroperitoneal lymph nodes or to other systems. Reported rates of metastasis vary from 29-76%.
What kind of cancer is found in the testes?
(Definition/Background Information) Teratoma of the Testis is a type of testicular cancer affecting the germ cells of sperm. The testes are the male reproductive organs, equivalent to the ovaries in women. They are housed in the scrotum; the sac-like structure in the groin.