What are some examples of superinfection?
Common organisms in Superinfections include:
- Clostridium difficile.
- MDR gram-negative rods.
- MRSA.
- Candida or other fungi.
What is superinfection explain with example?
Medical Definition of superinfection : a second infection superimposed on an earlier one especially by a different microbial agent of exogenous or endogenous origin that is resistant to the treatment used against the first infection.
What is the most common superinfection?
The antibiotic most frequently related to superinfection was ciprofloxacin (38.1%), followed by cefotaxime (23.3%), imipenem (12%), meropenem (10.2%), and cefepime (6.1%). The lowest percentage of superinfection was observed with the use of piperacillin-tazobactam (5.4%).
How are superinfections caused?
According to the CDC, a superinfection is an “infection following a previous infection especially when caused by microorganisms that are resistant or have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier,” while a coinfection is an infection concurrent with the initial infection.
What is a superinfection and how does one arise?
A superinfection develops when the antibacterial intended for the preexisting infection kills the protective microbiota, allowing another pathogen resistant to the antibacterial to proliferate and cause a secondary infection (Figure 1).
What is superinfection immunity?
Superinfection immunity is typically associated with lysogeny and appears to be a consequence of the same mechanisms that prevent prophage induction. Ecologically, immunity serves to prevent bacteria from being infected by two or more related prophage, or to protect the lysogen from being lysed.
What are some common coinfections?
Common Coinfections Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C—Hepatitis B and C are contagious liver diseases. Like HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be transmitted sexually or by injection drug use. So about one-third of people living with HIV in the United States are coinfected with either HBV or HCV.
What is Bartonellosis human?
Bartonellosis is a group of emerging infectious diseases caused by bacteria belonging to the Bartonella genus. Bartonella includes at least 22 named species of bacteria that are mainly transmitted by carriers (vectors), including fleas, lice, or sandflies.
Which is a macrolide?
Macrolides are a class of antibiotic that includes erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin. They are useful in treating respiratory, skin, soft tissue, sexually transmitted, H. pylori and atypical mycobacterial infections.
What drug is aminoglycoside?
The aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum, bactericidal antibiotics that are commonly prescribed for children, primarily for infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens. The aminoglycosides include gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, neomycin, and streptomycin.
Which is the best example of a superinfection?
The definition of a superinfection is an additional infection that happens during or immediately after an existing infection. An example of a superinfection is having an ear infection caused by microorganisms which are resistent to the antibiotics taken for a recent throat infection. YourDictionary definition and usage example. “superinfection.”.
Why are superinfections a reason to avoid antibiotics?
– ReAct One reason to avoid taking unnecessary antibiotics is that antibiotic treatment puts you at risk for additional infections – so called superinfections. Such infections are unrelated to the first infection for which the antibiotic was originally taken.
Where do superinfections come from in the microbiome?
Superinfections. The microbes can come from a person’s own microbiome or from the outside environment. The risk for superinfections is higher when using broad-spectrum antibiotics, as compared to narrow-spectrum antibiotics affecting a smaller number of bacteria. Further, long duration of antibiotic treatment, immunosuppression…
What is the definition of superinfection exclusion?
Nikos Vasilakis, in Advances in Virus Research, 2017 Superinfection exclusion is a phenomenon in which a cell that is infected with a virus is refractory to subsequent infection by other viral particles of the same or closely related species (Bolling et al., 2015b; Folimonova, 2012 ).