What are the differences of IPV and OPV?

What are the differences of IPV and OPV?

OPV is given orally, providing protection in the mouth, in the intestines, and then in the blood. Protection in the mouth and intestines are important as polioviruses infect the mouth and multiply in the intestines. IPV is an injectable vaccine that provides protection in the blood .

Which polio vaccine is more effective?

Two doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are 90% effective or more against polio; three doses are 99% to 100% effective. A person is considered to be fully vaccinated if he or she has received: four doses of any combination of IPV and tOPV, or.

What type of vaccine is OPV?

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) OPV consists of a mixture of live attenuated poliovirus strains of each of the three serotypes, selected by their ability to mimic the immune response following infection with wild polioviruses, but with a significantly reduced incidence of spreading to the central nervous system.

Why OPV is preferred over IPV?

Bivalent OPV is more powerful against types 1 and 3 poliovirus than tOPV. Therefore the switch from tOPV to bOPV will offer increased immunity to the remaining types of wild poliovirus. Once types 1 & 3 are eradicated, bOPV will also be withdrawn.

When did IPV replace OPV?

It was developed in 1961. OPV was recommended for use in the United States for almost 40 years, from 1963 until 2000. The results have been miraculous: Polio was eliminated from the United States in 1979 and from the Western Hemisphere in 1991. Since 2000, only IPV is recommended to prevent polio in the United States.

Why is OPV no longer used?

According to the World Health Organization, routine immunization with OPV must cease after the eradication of poliovirus because of the danger of outbreaks of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus and the risk of VAPP.

How effective is OPV?

Vaccine efficacy was estimated at 82% after one dose, 96% after two doses and 98% after three or more doses.

Is polio a bacteria or virus?

Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by the poliovirus. The virus spreads from person to person and can infect a person’s spinal cord, causing paralysis (can’t move parts of the body).

What are the 3 Live vaccines?

Live vaccines are used to protect against: Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined vaccine) Rotavirus. Smallpox.

Is OPV better than IPV?

Until polio is eradicated globally, OPV is still the main preventative measure against polio. IPV is recommended in addition to OPV and does not replace OPV. IPV is a very safe vaccine in humans, whether used alone or in combination vaccines. No serious adverse events have been reported, only minor side effects.

Is OPV equivalent to IPV?

Oral polio vaccine (OPV) is no longer in use in Australia. OPV and IPV are interchangeable. Children commenced on OPV should complete their polio vaccination schedule using IPV (IPOL®) or IPV-containing vaccines.