What is the Christmas tree on an oil rig?
A Christmas tree is a piece of equipment that provides flow control on a oil or gas well. Christmas trees are a vertical assembly of valves with gauges and chokes that allow for adjustments in flow control as well as injections to stimulate production.
What is the difference between a wellhead and a Xmas tree?
Many times, the words Christmas Tree and Wellhead are used interchangeably; however, a wellhead and Christmas tree are entirely separate pieces of equipment. A wellhead must be present in order to utilize a Christmas tree and is used without a Christmas tree during drilling operations.
What is a Christmas tree used for in oil and gas?
A Christmas Tree comprises a series of valves, spools, a choke, and connection. It used for production or injection wells such as oil wells, gas wells, water injection wells, water disposal wells, etc.
What is a wing valve in oil and gas?
A wing valve is a piece of flow-control equipment used in oil and gas operations. It is part of a Christmas tree and used to shut in flow from a producing well. Subsea and surface trees have a large variety of valve configurations, including combinations of manual and actuated (hydraulic or pneumatic) valves.
What is a tree in oil and gas?
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or “tree”, is an assembly of valves, casing spools, and fittings used to regulate the flow of pipes in an oil well, gas well, water injection well, water disposal well, gas injection well, condensate well and other types of wells.
What is the function of swab valve?
On a Christmas tree, a swab valve is the topmost valve providing vertical access to the well for well intervention operations conducted by wireline, slickline, coiled tubing or a snubbing unit.
What is a manifold in oil and gas?
A manifold is a system of headers and branched piping that can be used to gather or distribute fluids, as desired. Manifolds can be used to gather produced fluids and direct selected wells to a well test line, as well as to distribute injected fluids (gas or water) or gaslift gas to individual wells.
What is well intervention in oil and gas?
A well intervention, or well work, is any operation carried out on an oil or gas well during, or at the end of, its productive life that alters the state of the well or well geometry, provides well diagnostics, or manages the production of the well.
Whats the relationship between a spool and Christmas tree?
The set of valves, spools, and fittings connected to the top of a well to direct and control the flow of formation fluids from the well. An assembly of valves, spools, pressure gauges and chokes fitted to the wellhead of a completed well to control production.
How are Christmas tree valves used in oil and gas wells?
Christmas tree valves are an integral part of oil and gas wells. They are implemented in both large and small wells alike and provide the access point for all fluids in and out of the wellhead. Below is a list of wells that implement Christmas tree valves but know these systems are more useful beyond this small range of applications.
How is the Christmas tree used in the oil industry?
From the outlet valve of the Christmas Tree, the flow can be connected to a distribution network of pipelines and tanks to distribute the product to refineries, natural gas compressor stations, or oil export terminals. The Christmas tree is the heart of the offshore hydrocarbon production system.
Why is the wellhead called a Christmas tree?
In petroleum and natural gas extraction, a Christmas tree, or “tree”, is an assembly of a multi-valved structure consisting of valves, spools, and fittings used to control the flow of oil from the well. The shape of the wellhead structure with valves looks like a pine tree so the wellhead is called as “Christmas tree”.
What are the components of a Christmas tree?
Components of a Christmas Tree A typical Christmas tree composed of a master gate valve, a pressure gauge, a wing valve, a swab valve, and a choke as shown in Fig. 1. The Christmas tree may also have a number of check valves. At the bottom, we find the Casing Head and casing Hangers.