What is bystander activation?
Bystander activation, i.e., activation of T cells specific for an antigen X during an immune response against antigen Y may occur during viral infections.
Can enteroviruses cause type 1 diabetes?
Enterovirus infections have been linked to type 1 diabetes in several studies. Enteroviruses also have tropism to pancreatic islets and can cause β-cell damage in experimental models. Viral persistence has been suspected to be an important pathogenetic factor.
How do you cope with type 2 diabetes?
Treatment for type 2 diabetes
- eating foods rich in fiber and healthy carbohydrates — eating fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help keep your blood glucose levels steady.
- eating at regular intervals.
- learning to listen to your body and learn to stop eating when you’re full.
How does Coxsackie cause diabetes?
These results show that diabetes induced by Coxsackie virus infection is a direct result of local infection leading to inflammation, tissue damage, and the release of sequestered islet antigen resulting in the re-stimulation of resting autoreactive T cells, further indicating that the islet antigen sensitization is an …
What are bystander cells?
The bystander effect refers to the induction of biological effects in cells that are not directly traversed by a charged particle. The data available concerning the bystander effect fall into two quite separate categories, and it is not certain that the two groups of experiments are addressing the same phenomenon.
How might the establishment of an enteroviral infection lead to autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes?
Initial damage to β-cells and uptake of autoantigen by APCs appear crucial in the initiation of autoimmunity upon viral infection. If a particular virus is highly lytic for β-cells, insulin deficiency and type 1 diabetes will result when more than 90% of β-cells are destroyed (60,61).
Can Hand Foot and Mouth trigger diabetes?
Although enteroviruses can also cause illnesses such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, the recent study published in the journal Scientific Reports adds to the evidence linking these viruses to childhood-onset type 1 diabetes, once known as juvenile diabetes.
Which type diabetes is worse 1 or 2?
Type 2 diabetes is often milder than type 1. But it can still cause major health complications, especially in the tiny blood vessels in your kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 also raises your risk of heart disease and stroke.
What are the causes of enteroviruses?
What causes an enterovirus infection in a child? Enteroviruses can be spread when an infected person sneezes or coughs droplets into the air or on surfaces. A child may then breathe in droplets, or touch a contaminated surface and touch his or her eyes, mouth, or nose.
Can a virus trigger diabetes?
Previous studies have linked viruses to diabetes, and recent studies have suggested that enteroviruses could potentially trigger diabetes, although its direct effect in vivo as well as its mechanism of action at the molecular level were unknown.