How is photochemical smog formed?
Photochemical smog is produced when sunlight reacts with nitrogen oxides and at least one volatile organic compound (VOC) in the atmosphere. Nitrogen oxides come from car exhaust, coal power plants, and factory emissions. VOCs are released from gasoline, paints, and many cleaning solvents.
How photochemical is formed?
Photochemical form is formed by a complex series of chemical reactions involving sunlight, oxides of nitrogen, and volatile organic compounds that are present in the atmosphere as a result of air pollution. These reactions often result in the formation of ground level ozone and certain airborne particles.
What is photochemical smog how is it formed and how does it effect?
Photochemical smog refers to a type of smog which is formed when the ultraviolet light from the sun reacts with nitrogen oxides present in the atmosphere. This smog can cause a lot of adverse effects on humans and other living organisms.
What is present in photo chemical smog?
Among the pollutants involved in photochemical smogs are ozone, nitrogen dioxide and peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN). The nitrogen dioxide, and other oxides of nitrogen, are primary pollutants produced by dissociation in combustion reactions, and both ‘prompt’ and ‘thermal’ NOx can be involved in the reactions.
How is ozone formed in photochemical smog?
This blue light is producing the UV light that is required to create ozone. And this ozone again reacts with volatile organic compounds to produce photochemical smog. The second ingredient that is required is Nitrogen oxides or volatile organic compounds to produce smog.
Which molecules are produced during formation of photochemical smog?
Photochemical Smog. Photochemical smog, as commonly seen in the Los Angeles Basin, is mainly composed of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. During the formation of ozone, nitrogen dioxide from vehicle exhaust is photolyzed by incoming solar radiation to produce nitrogen oxide and an unpaired oxygen atom.
What is the effect of photochemical smog?
Ozone and nitric oxide (NO) can irritate the nose and throat and their high concentration causes a headache, chest pain, dryness of the throat, cough and difficulty in breathing. Photochemical smog leads to cracking of rubber and extensive damage to plant life.
How does photochemical smog and acid rain form?
Photochemical smog forms from a complex process, however the source of it is quite apparent. The nitric acid may precipitate to the Earth resulting in acid rain, or remain in the smog. Due to the direct production of it by vehicles, the smog forms over cities where many people may encounter its adverse health effects.
What is photochemical ozone formation?
Bioeconomy. Impact category that accounts for the formation of ozone at the ground level of the troposphere caused by photochemical oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sunlight.
Is the major photo chemical smog?
The most commonly known photochemical oxidants are ozone, hydrogen peroxides and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN). These are formed under the influence of sunlight by complex photochemical reactions. The concentrations of the photochemical oxidants depend on the primary pollutants and the sunlight.
How are solid particulates formed?
1.2 How are particles formed? Coarse particles are produced by the mechanical break-up of larger solid particles. The coarse fraction can include dust from roads, agricultural processes, uncovered soil or mining operations, as well as non-combustible materials released when burning fossil fuels.
Why photochemical smog is called so?
Ground-level ozone constitutes one of the major components of photochemical smog, so called because of the photochemical reaction of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with ultraviolet light (sunlight); thus, the O3 levels vary strongly with season and the highest levels …