What biosafety level is Marburg virus?
Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus are classified as biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) pathogens and require special containment and barrier protection measures for laboratory personnel, as well as for any people taking care of potentially infected patients or dead bodies.
How many BSL 4 labs are there?
BSL-4 Laboratories in the United States There are currently 13 operational or planned BSL-4 facilities within the United States of America.
What is Marburg hemorrhagic fever?
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both people and non-human primates. MVD is caused by the Marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic (or, animal-borne) RNA virus of the filovirus family.
What are BSL-4 pathogens?
Biosafety level 4 laboratories are used for diagnostic work and research on easily transmitted pathogens which can cause fatal disease. These include a number of viruses known to cause viral hemorrhagic fever such as Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.
Are there any BSL-4 bacteria?
The microbes in a BSL-4 lab are dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections. Infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines. Two examples of microbes worked with in a BSL-4 laboratory include Ebola and Marburg viruses.
What biosafety level is TB?
tuberculosis, BSL-3 practices, containment equipment, and facilities are required. Barriers include controlled access to the laboratory and ventilation requirements that minimize the release of infectious aerosols from the laboratory.
How do you get Marburg virus?
Marburg spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bedding, clothing) contaminated with these fluids.
Can a Marburg hemorrhagic fever spread to other people?
Marburg hemorrhagic fever is a very rare human disease. However, when it occurs, it has the potential to spread to other people, especially health care staff and family members who care for the patient.
When to use IgG capture ELISA for Marburg HF?
The IgG-capture ELISA is appropriate for testing persons later in the course of disease or after recovery. In deceased patients, immunohistochemistry, virus isolation, or PCR of blood or tissue specimens may be used to diagnose Marburg HF retrospectively. Treatment There is no specific treatment for Marburg hemorrhagic fever.
When was the first case of the Marburg virus?
Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany and in Belgrade, Yugoslavia (now Serbia). Thirty-one people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them.
What kind of test is used for Marburg HF?
Antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing, virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and IgM- capture ELISA can be used to confirm a case of Marburg HF within a few days of symptom onset. The IgG-capture ELISA is appropriate for testing persons later in the course of disease or after recovery.