Is there any k blood group?
The K/k blood group polymorphism represents a point mutation resulting in an amino acid switch from threonine 193 (in the k antigen) to methionine 193 (in the K antigen) in the Kell glycoprotein. The K antigen is more potent at triggering an immune reaction than the k antigen.
What is the Kell blood type?
The Kell antigen system (also known as Kell–Cellano system) is a human blood group system, that is, group of antigens on the human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells.
What is Lutheran blood type?
Lutheran blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. The system is based on the expression of two codominant alleles, designated Lua and Lub.
What is the Diego blood group?
The Diego blood group system is associated with a gene known as SLC4A1. This gene encodes a substance called band 3 protein, which is expressed on the surface of red blood cells and plays a central role in mediating the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
What is M and N blood group?
MNS was the second blood group, discovered in 1927, after immunizing rabbits with human RBCs. The M and N antigens were identified first, but it was another 20 years before the S and s antigens were named. Now, more than 40 antigens are known in this blood group, but the M, N, S, and s antigens remain the most common.
What is the JK antigen?
The Kidd antigen system (also known as Jk antigen) are proteins found in the Kidd’s blood group, which act as antigens, i.e., they have the ability to produce antibodies under certain circumstances. Hemolytic disease of the newborn associated with Jk antibodies is typically mild, though fatal cases have been reported.
What is DIA antigen?
Dia is a low-frequency antigen, occurring at 0.01% in most populations. Some groups with higher incidence of Dia include South American Indigenous (2–54%), Japanese (12%), North American Chippewa Indigenous (11%), Chinese (5%), Hispanic (1%) and Polish (0.47%) populations.
What is anti WRA?
Anti-Wra is a frequent component of normal human serum, even in the absence of immunising episodes, and is commonly found in the serum of individuals with warm auto immune haemolytic anaemia. Anti-Wra has been associated with HDN and hemolytic transfusion reactions. PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST.
What does the Yt blood group system mean?
Yt blood group system, also called Cartwright blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of molecules known as Yt antigens on the surface of red blood cells.
Where are yt a and yt B antigens located?
The Yt antigens are located on a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein that is encoded by the gene ACHE (acetylcholinesterase). The Yt a and Yt b antigens are distinguished molecularly by a single amino acid difference in the acetylcholinesterase protein.
Is the Yt antigen found in normal erythrocytes?
The use of anti-Yt (a) in radioimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the expected 160 kD of the acetylcholinesterase molecule from normal erythrocyte membrane proteins, but not from Yt (a-b-) erythrocytes. Spring et al. (1992) obtained similar results. Thus, acetylcholinesterase is the PI-linked protein that represents the Yt antigen.
Which is more common yt a or YT B?
The Yt a antigen occurs in about 99 percent of individuals. In contrast, the Yt b antigen typically has an incidence of about 8 percent, although it is more frequent in certain populations (e.g., it is found in about 20 percent of Israelis).