What are hydrocarbon degrading microbes?
Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can utilize these compounds as sources of carbon and energy. Bacteria displaying such capabilities are often exploited for the bioremediation of petroleum oil-contaminated environments.
What is hydrocarbon degradation?
Aerobic Degradation. Hydrocarbons are readily degraded under aerobic conditions. Bacteria, fungi, and algae are all capable of aerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Reported degradation rates vary considerably because hydrocarbon composition depends on the source of the petroleum and age of the spill.
How are microorganisms involved in biodegradation?
The microbial organisms transform the substance through metabolic or enzymatic processes. It is based on two processes: growth and cometabolism. In growth, an organic pollutant is used as sole source of carbon and energy. This process results in a complete degradation (mineralization) of organic pollutants.
What is degradation in microbiology?
The reduction of a chemical compound to one less complex, as by splitting off one or more groups is called degradation. Biological degradation of natural and some synthetic polymers occurs when polymer depolymerization takes place as the result of enzyme secretions by some microorganisms.
What is hydrocarbon bioremediation?
Hydrocarbons are compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen. The process of bioremediation by microorganisms those that break down hydrocarbons can be used to purge the environment of these persistent pollutant particles. Not only microorganisms but plants too help in bioremediation (phytoremediation).
What is the role of microorganisms in bioremediation?
Principle of bioremediation Microorganisms are suited to the task of contaminant destruction because they possess enzymes that allow them to use environmental contaminants as a food. For bioremediation to be effective, microorganisms must enzymatically attack the pollutants and convert them to harmless products.
How do microbes degrade?
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons ( …
What is complete degradation?
Complete degradation of surfactants is accomplished by mixed cultures of microorganisms constructed on the basis of synergistic and commensalistic relationships. However, degradation of a surfactant by one member of a commensalistic consortium may lead to the production of toxic or non-toxic metabolites.
What microorganisms are used in bioremediation of oil spills?
Many genera of plant, microbes, and fungi have demonstrated oil remediating properties including Spartina, Haloscarcia, Rhizophora, Nocardioides, Dietzia, and Microbacterium.
Why do microbes degrade contaminants?
Microbes degrade contaminants because in the process they gain energy that allows them to grow and reproduce. Microbes get energy from the contaminants by breaking chemical bonds and transferring electrons from the contaminants to an electron acceptor, such as oxygen.
How are microorganisms involved in the degradation of petroleum?
Microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants employs the enzyme catalytic activities of microorganisms to enhance the rate of pollutants degradation. This article provides an overview about bioremediation for petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants.
Where does the biodegradation of hydrocarbons take place?
Hydrocarbon are major constituents of crude oil and petroleum. They can be biodegraded by naturally-occurring microorganisms in freshwater and marine environments under a variety of aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
How are hydrocarbon pollutants removed from the environment?
Removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from environment by applying oleophilic microorganisms (individual isolate/consortium of microorganisms) is ecofriendly and economic. Microbial biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants employs the enzyme catalytic activities of microorganisms to enhance the rate of pollutants degradation.
What kind of microbes are used in biodegradation?
MICROBES USED IN BIODEGRADATION CHEMICALS MICROBES HYDROCARBONS Pseudomonas,Nocardia,Art hrobacter,Mycobacterium. PCBS Pseudomonas,Candida,Alca ligens. PHENOLICS Pseudomonas,Flavobacteri um,Trichosporum,Bacillus,A spergillus. POLY CYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS Arthrobacter,Nocardia,Alcal igens. 10.