What are the responses of plants against herbivory?
Plants respond to herbivore attack through an intricate and dynamic defense system that includes structural barriers, toxic chemicals, and attraction of natural enemies of the target pests (Fig. 1). Both defense mechanisms (direct and indirect) may be present constitutively or induced after damage by the herbivores.
Which of the following is an example of plant chemical defense against herbivores?
The first line of defense in plants is an intact and impenetrable barrier composed of bark and a waxy cuticle. Both protect plants against herbivores. Other adaptations against herbivores include hard shells, thorns (modified branches), and spines (modified leaves).
Which one is an induced response?
Induced responses are all plant changes following damage or stress. These traits may or may not affect herbivores, and they may or may not benefit the plant when herbivores are present. Induced resistance is an induced response capable of reducing herbivore survival, reproductive output, or preference for the plant.
What is herbivory and how does it affect plants?
Herbivory, the feeding on living plant parts by animals, is a key ecosystem process that has widely recognized effects on primary production and on vegetation structure and composition. Moderate intensities of herbivory often stimulate production, through compensatory growth, and flowering, thereby increasing fitness.
What does a plant do in response to an external stimuli give an example?
Plant Tropisms Plant roots always grow downward because specialized cells in root caps detect and respond to gravity. This is an example of a tropism. A tropism is a turning toward or away from a stimulus in the environment. Plants also exhibit phototropism, or growing toward a light source.
Which of the following are defenses that some plants use against herbivory quizlet?
-Cellulose. -Lignin (a nitrogen-based compound). -Alkaloids.
What chemical Defence responses do plants have?
Plant defences
- Many plants are covered with a thick bark.
- Each plant cell has a cellulose cell wall which acts as another barrier against infection.
- Leaves are covered with a thick waxy cuticle which also stops their cells from becoming infected by bacteria and fungi.
Which of the following is an example of a plant chemical defense?
Some of the examples of chemical defenses are: Production of Latex (Calotropis gigantia), Production of Alkaloids like Nicotine, Caffine, Morphine, Cocaine etc. These alkaloids will have Pharmacological affects on Humans and Animals when they consume them.
How does herbivory affect the two species that are involved?
Herbivory is the consumption of plant material by animals, and herbivores are animals adapted to eat plants. As in predator-prey interactions, this interaction drives adaptations in both the herbivore and the plant species it eats.
Can plants benefit from herbivory?
Herbivory can limit the growth and survivorship of plants, and plants have evolved complex responses to avoid being consumed and/or to survive and flourish after herbivory. There is some experimental evidence that herbivory may stimulate plant growth and increase plant fitness [5], [6], [7].