Which is the catalyst used in water gas shift reaction?
The iron oxide-based catalysts, Fe2O3, are well known in high temperature water-gas shift reaction (350–450°C) and are generally doped with chromium oxide, Cr2O3, which prevents the sintering of iron oxide crystallites.
Which ratio is altered in the water gas shift reaction?
1.5. The water–gas shift reaction (WGSR) process is an intrinsic inclusion into the reforming process; WGS is seen to increase the H2/CO ratio. Most catalysts in the steam reforming of ethanol produce CO. WGSR is the reaction of an equimolar mixture of steam and carbon monoxide and the process is moderately exothermic.
What happens to catalysts at high temperature?
High catalyst temperatures increased gas yield due to the cracking of the pyrolysis vapour into carbon oxides and light hydrocarbons [77]. The catalyst temperature also affects catalyst deactivation or the formation of coke. The coke yield decreases with increasing catalyst temperature [77].
What is high temperature shift catalyst?
The high temperature shift (HTS) catalyst is comprised of iron oxide, with a chromium oxide stabilizing agent to reduce the rate of sintering of the active iron crystallites at high temperatures [2].
Which is the suitable reactor and operating temperature for shift conversion reaction?
The operation of HTS catalysts occurs within the temperature range of 310 °C to 450 °C. The temperature increases along the length of the reactor due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. As such, the inlet temperature is maintained at 350 °C to prevent the exit temperature from exceeding 550 °C.
How co2 is removed in water gas shift reaction?
Therefore, the carbon dioxide produced in the water gas shift reaction is removed by scrubbing with Sodium arsenite solution which shows the option B as the correct choice. Note: The water gas shift reaction is a very unique process that is used for the removal of contaminants present in the gases.
How CO2 is removed in water gas shift reaction?
How does temperature affect catalytic activity?
Like most chemical reactions, the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as the temperature is raised. A ten degree Centigrade rise in temperature will increase the activity of most enzymes by 50 to 100%. Some enzymes lose their activity when frozen. …
Does temperature affect metal catalysts?
A catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction, that has a lower activation energy. This means there are now more particles with the activation energy and so the rate will increase. Increasing the temperature has no effect on the activation energy.
What is a low temperature shift catalyst?
Low temperature catalysts typically contain copper and zinc and are effective over a temperature range of about 350° to 650°F. They are used where very low carbon monoxide concentrations are required in the product gas.
What is high temperature shift reactor?
The high-temperature shift (HTS) reactor usually operates at temperatures of 350–420°C with an iron – chromium oxide based catalyst, and the low-temperature shift (LTS) reactor operates at temperatures of 180–340°C with a Cu–ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (Navarro et al., 2007).
What happens when steam is passed over water gas in presence of catalyst in water gas shift reaction?
The water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) describes the reaction of carbon monoxide and water vapor to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen: CO + H2O ⇌ CO2 + H. Before the early 20th century, hydrogen was obtained by reacting steam under high pressure with iron to produce iron, iron oxide and hydrogen. …
What is the temperature of the water gas shift reaction?
The water gas shift reaction (WGSR) is a moderately exothermic reaction between carbon monoxide and steam to form carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In typical industrial applications, the WGSR is conducted as a two stage process. The high temperature stage, conducted over an iron based catalyst in the temperature range 320 – 450 °C.
What kind of catalyst is used for water gas shift?
The water gas shift reaction is fast on alkalized iron catalysts, but merely proceeds on cobalt catalysts. Synthesis gases from high temperature coal- or heavy oil gasification with high CO-content can directly be used for FT-synthesis on iron.
What is the temperature of the WGSR reaction?
In typical industrial applications, the WGSR is conducted as a two stage process. The high temperature stage, conducted over an iron based catalyst in the temperature range 320 – 450 °C. The low temperature stage, conducted over copper-based catalysts in the temperature range 150 – 250 °C.
What happens when the catalyst is oxidized by water?
During the straight conversion process, it has been considered that the catalyst surface is oxidized by water to produce H 2 and then subsequently reduced by CO, forming CO 2 [32,61].