What are the 7 planetary boundaries?
These seven are climate change (CO2 concentration in the atmosphere < 350 ppm and/or a maximum change of +1 W/m2 in radiative forcing); ocean acidification (mean surface seawater saturation state with respect to aragonite ≥ 80% of pre-industrial levels); stratospheric ozone (less than 5% reduction in total atmospheric …
What are the 9 planetary boundaries?
The nine planetary boundaries, counterclockwise from top: climate change, biosphere integrity (functional and genetic), land-system change, freshwater use, biogeochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus), ocean acidification, atmospheric aerosol pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion, and release of novel chemicals ( …
What 4 planetary boundaries have we exceeded?
Of the four Planetary Boundaries humanity has crossed (climate change, biodiversity loss, land-system change, and biogeochemical flows), all of them are tied to the health of the Earth’s soil, which Claire Asher detailed in a piece about conserving soil carbon.
What is the planetary boundaries framework?
The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system.
Who created the 9 planetary boundaries?
Johan Rockström
In 2009, Johan Rockström led a group of 28 internationally renowned scientists to identify 9 key processes that regulate the stability and resilience of our planet. They proposed quantitative ‘planetary boundaries’ within which humanity can continue to develop and thrive for generations to come.
What is the purpose of planetary boundaries?
The planetary boundaries framework defines the “safe operating space for humanity” represented by nine global processes that can destabilize the Earth System if perturbed.
Which planetary boundaries have been breached?
Four of nine planetary boundaries have now been crossed as a result of human activity, says an international team of 18 researchers in the journal Science (16 January 2015). The four are: climate change, loss of biosphere integrity, land-system change, altered biogeochemical cycles (phosphorus and nitrogen).
What happens when a planetary boundary is crossed?
Transgressing a boundary increases the risk that human activities could inadvertently drive the Earth System into a much less hospitable state, damaging efforts to reduce poverty and leading to a deterioration of human wellbeing in many parts of the world, including wealthy countries.
Who invented planetary boundaries?
Johan had this idea to explore a concept he called Planetary Boundaries.” In 2008, a small group of researchers met in Tällberg, a small town in the centre of Sweden to discuss which “boundaries” influence the stability of the Earth system in its current state. They emerged from the meeting with nine of them.