Are the cerebral hemispheres considered the telencephalon?
The cerebrum, telencephalon or endbrain, is the largest part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex (of the two cerebral hemispheres), as well as several subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb.
What develops from the telencephalon?
From the telencephalon derive the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampal formation, amygdala and olfactory bulb. From the diencephalon the thalamus and surrounding nuclei, hypothalamus, retina and optic nerve. The mesencephalon gives rise to the midbrain structures, and the metencephalon the pons and cerebellum.
What is the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres formed by?
myelinated axons
White matter is composed largely of myelinated axons. White matter is one of the two components of the central nervous system (CNS). It consists mostly of glial cells and myelinated axons and forms the bulk of the deep parts of the cerebrum and the superficial parts of the spinal cord.
What brain structures are in the telencephalon?
The telencephalon has four major components: the cerebral cortex, the limbic forebrain structures, the basal ganglia, and the olfactory system.
What is white matter in the brain?
White matter is found in the deeper tissues of the brain (subcortical). It contains nerve fibers (axons), which are extensions of nerve cells (neurons). Many of these nerve fibers are surrounded by a type of sheath or covering called myelin. Myelin gives the white matter its color.
Is basal ganglia white or gray matter?
The basal ganglia are a group of grey matter nuclei in the deep aspects of the brain that is interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalami and brainstem.
What happens if the basal ganglia is damaged?
Damage to the basal ganglia cells may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture. This combination of symptoms is called parkinsonism. A person with basal ganglia dysfunction may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement.
How does white matter disease affect the brain?
White matter disease is the wearing away of tissue in the largest and deepest part of your brain due to aging. This tissue contains millions of nerve fibers, or axons, that connect other parts of the brain and spinal cord and signal your nerves to talk to one another. A fatty material called myelin protects…
What kind of gray matter is the telencephalon?
Telencephalon. Superficial gray matter of the cerebral hemisphere is called cerebral cortex (most of the cortex is neocortex, in contrast to old paleocortex of the piriform lobe). The cortical surface features sulci (grooves) and gyri (ridges). In the dog, identify the cruciate sulcus and the coronal sulcus.
When does the telencephalon differentiate into the cerebral cortex?
The most anterior part of the tube or the forebrain, called prosencephalon, differentiates into the telencephalon and the diencephalon during the 25th to 30th day of embryonic development. Later on, the telencephalon develops into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and subcortical white matter.
What makes up the white matter of the cerebral cortex?
The subcortical white matter is made up of myelinated axons that connect the cerebral cortex with the rest of the brain. Structures that make up the subcortical white matter include the internal capsule, corona radiata, corpus callosum, and arcuate fibers.
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