What is trait impulsivity?
Trait impulsivity, defined as a preference for immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards and reflected in actions that are socially inappropriate, maladaptive, and enacted without consideration of consequences, is a highly heritable temperamental vulnerability to all externalizing spectrum disorders.
How is impulsive behavior measured?
Impulsivity has been assessed using a variety of measures, including both self-report personality questionnaires and behavioral tasks, and each of these measures has been further subdivided into separate components which are thought to represent different underlying processes.
What are the aspects of impulsivity?
To incorporate these models into a definition of impulsivity, the definition should include the following elements: 1) decreased sensitivity to negative consequences of behavior; 2) rapid, unplanned reactions to stimuli before complete processing of information; and 3) lack of regard for long-term consequences.
Where does impulsivity come from?
Compulsivity occurs in response to a perceived risk or threat, impulsivity occurs in response to a perceived immediate gain or benefit, and, whereas compulsivity involves repetitive actions, impulsivity involves unplanned reactions. Impulsivity is a common feature of the conditions of gambling and alcohol addiction.
Is impulsivity a state or trait?
2.1 Impulsivity as a Personality Trait: Its Role in Different Models of Personality. Impulsivity is a prominent personality trait both in healthy subjects, psychiatric syndromes and personality disorders.
What are the dimensions of impulsivity?
(2006). This questionnaire is based on the theoretical concept of impulsivity and distinguishes four dimensions of impulsivity: urgency having two subtypes (positive/negative), lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking.
What is the momentary impulsivity scale?
The UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (Whiteside & Lynam, 2001) The UPPS is a 45-item self-report questionnaire based on a four-factor model of personality traits thought to be associated with behavioral patterns of impulsivity.
What is impulsive decision making?
Impulsive individuals make risky decisions, motivated more by immediate reward rather than by the potential long-term negative consequences of their choices, suggesting heightened sensitivity to reward and/or reduced sensitivity to negative outcomes (Ainslie, 1975).
What does act on impulse mean?
1 : doing things or tending to do things suddenly and without careful thought : acting or tending to act on impulse She’s impulsive and often does things that she later regrets. 2 : done suddenly and without planning : resulting from a sudden impulse He needs to learn to control his impulsive behavior.
Which is the best description of the concept of impulsiveness?
Impulsivity (or impulsiveness) is a multifactorial construct. It is generally defined as a predisposition to rapid and unplanned reactions to internal and/or external stimuli without adequate regard for possible negative consequences ( Moeller, Barratt, Dougherty, Schmitz, & Swann, 2001 ).
Is the DII A good measure of impulsivity?
Unlike previous measures, the DII recognizes that on some occasions impulsivity can be deemed a healthy response, a notion suggested to distinguish impulsivity from compulsivity, in that the latter does not typically adhere to the range of normal behavior ( Robbins et al., 2012 ).
How is impulsive behavior related to OFC dysfunction?
A number of studies have shown that impulsive behaviors are associated with orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) dysfunction. In general, impulsive behavior is mostly viewed as depending on inhibitory control, that is, the ability to suppress undesirable responses.
Is the DSM a diagnostic criterion for impulsivity?
Although, according to DSM and ICD, impulsivity is recognized as a diagnostic criterion for several disorders (1), but the way it influences mental disorders and development of risky behaviors is not yet clear.