What is hemocompatibility of biomaterials?
Introduction. Hemocompatibility is one of the major criteria, which limit the clinical applicability of blood-contacting biomaterials. These materials come in close contact with blood, which is a complex “organ,” comprising of 55% plasma, 44% erythrocytes, and 1% leukocytes and platelets.
Why is Hemocompatibility important?
Hemocompatibility tests evaluate effects on blood and/or blood components by blood-contacting medical devices or materials. Several issues are important in the selection of tests for hemocompatibility of medical devices or biomaterials. …
What is meant by hemocompatibility?
Hemocompatibility tests are in-vitro assays used to assess the possibility of a test article to cause adverse effects on red blood cells (hemolysis), thrombosis, coagulation, platelets and complement system.
What are the factors that affect blood compatibility of a material?
Blood compatibility is impacted by the biochemistry of coagulation, the mechanisms of blood–materials interactions (BMI), and the design and function of a device in the bloodstream.
What is non thrombogenic?
Thrombogenicity refers to the tendency of a material in contact with the blood to produce a thrombus, or clot. Certain medical implants appear non-thrombogenic due to high flow rates of blood past the implant, but in reality all are thrombogenic to a degree.
What happens when any biomaterial interacts with blood and proteins?
When a biomaterial comes into contact with blood, a layer of plasma proteins typically adsorbs to the surface and mediate biological responses to biomaterials. Blood contains many hundreds of proteins with a wide range of biological functions and activity, and present in vastly different concentrations.
What is erythrocyte hemolysis?
Hemolysis is the destruction of red blood cells. Hemolysis can occur due to different causes and leads to the release of hemoglobin into the bloodstream. Normal red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a lifespan of about 120 days. After they die they break down and are removed from the circulation by the spleen.
Why is it important to match blood types?
The accurate grouping of blood is very important when it comes to having a blood transfusion. If blood is given to a patient that has a blood type that is incompatible with the blood type of the blood that the patient receives, it can cause intravenous clumping in the patient’s blood which can be fatal.
What are thrombogenic factors?
We consider that any cause promoting thrombus formation can be referred to as thrombogenic risk factors, which can manifest itself or not, by thrombosis in patients throughout life.
How is the hemocompatibility of a biomaterial measured?
So, hemocompatibility is an essential property of biomaterials that can be measured by the interaction between the surface of the material and the various blood components, such as blood plasma proteins, erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocytes.
What are the major criteria for blood contacting biomaterials?
Hemocompatibility is one of the major criteria, which limit the clinical applicability of blood-contacting biomaterials. These materials come in close contact with blood, which is a complex “organ,” comprising of 55% plasma, 44% erythrocytes, and 1% leukocytes and platelets.
How are shear flow models used in hemocompatibility studies?
Static, agitated, or shear flow models are used to perform hemocompatibility studies. Before and after the incubation of the test material with fresh human blood, hemolysis, cell counts, and the activation of platelets, leukocytes, coagulation and complement system are analyzed.
How is the surface of a biomaterial evaluated?
Furthermore, the surface of biomaterials are evaluated concerning attachment of blood cells, adsorption of proteins, and generation of thrombus and fibrin networks. Keywords: hemocompatibility, blood contact, biomaterials, coagulation, complement system