What is perivascular fat?
Perivascular adipose tissue includes fat surrounding large arteries, as well as organ-specific fat depots in which adipose tissue surrounds the organ’s vasculature. Periaortic fat falls into the former category, whereas epicardial, pericardial and peri-renal fat fall into the latter category.
What is perivascular tissue?
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a type of adipose tissue which surrounds the blood vessels. Recently, PVAT characteristics resemble both BAT and WAT, it has been considered as an active component of the blood vessel walls, and involved in vascular homeostasis [20].
What is adipose tissue inflammation?
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major source of obesity/inactivity-related inflammation; in turn, inflammation leads to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Inactivity, even in the absence of weight gain, disrupts WAT metabolism, while exercise mitigates WAT inflammation.
What causes adipose tissue inflammation?
Recent studies have shown that obesity induces chronic local inflammation in adipose tissue, and that cells of the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, are crucially involved in adipose inflammation and systemic metabolic abnormalities.
What is the perivascular space?
Perivascular spaces (PVSs), also known as Virchow-Robin spaces, are pial-lined, fluid-filled structures found in characteristic locations throughout the brain. They can become abnormally enlarged or dilated and in rare cases can cause hydrocephalus.
Which is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
High blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart disease. It is a medical condition that happens when the pressure of the blood in your arteries and other blood vessels is too high. The high pressure, if not controlled, can affect your heart and other major organs of your body, including your kidneys and brain.
Is adipose tissue vascular or avascular?
On the one hand, adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and maintenance of ample supply of blood flow is essential for both expansion and metabolic functions of adipose tissue. Vascular endothelium also secretes many factors to regulate adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling.
What is the medical term for fatty tissue?
[tish´u] a group or layer of similarly specialized cells that together perform certain special functions. adenoid tissue lymphoid tissue. adipose tissue connective tissue made of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. areolar tissue connective tissue made up largely of interlacing fibers.
Are fat cells inflammatory?
In this case, specialized metabolic cells (adipose or fat cells) maintain the injury and begin the inflammatory process—disrupting metabolic homeostasis: The immune system recognizes the injury and sends an array of inflammatory cytokines.
How do you reduce inflammation in adipose tissue?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been found to successfully target markers of inflammation and improve glucose control among obese participants. Studies in animal models, as well as humans, have highlighted the potential contribution of adipose tissue inflammation to metabolic disease risk.
What is a perivascular?
A perivascular space, also known as a Virchow–Robin space, is a fluid-filled space surrounding certain blood vessels in several organs, including the brain, potentially having an immunological function, but more broadly a dispersive role for neural and blood-derived messengers.
What does the word perivascular mean?
Medical Definition of perivascular : of, relating to, occurring in, or being the tissues surrounding a blood vessel.
What is the meaning of the term perivascular inflammation?
perivascular inflammation. A nonspecific finding consisting of the “cuffing” of lymphocytres around blood vessels, which occurs in various conditions—e.g., dermatomyositis, polyarteritis and other vasculitides.
What kind of tumor is a perivascular tumor?
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors composed of histologically and immunohistochemically distinctive perivascular epithelioid cells. Background: The autonomic changes and cardiorespiratory changes seen in vascular disorders are suggested to be mediated reflexly by the activation of perivascular nociceptors.
What is the medical definition of perivascular cellulitis?
perivascular cellulitis. may be caused by the introduction of infection at the time of an injection or the injection of an irritant substance such as thiacetarsamide into tissues while attempting an intravenous injection.
What causes the formation of a perivascular cuff?
may be caused by the introduction of infection at the time of an injection or the injection of an irritant substance such as thiacetarsamide into tissues while attempting an intravenous injection. perivascular cuffing. the accumulation of lymphocytes or plasma cells in a dense mass around the vessel.