What is RA in immunology?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthropathy. The majority of evidence, derived from genetics, tissue analyses, models and clinical studies, points to an immune mediated etiology associated with stromal tissue dysregulation that together propogate chronic inflammation and articular destruction.
What immune cells cause RA?
The main culprit of RA, autoreactive B-cells also play role in autoantibody production, T-cell activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production that ultimately contribute to RA pathogenesis [11].
What cells are involved in RA?
The interaction among these cellular components in joint synovium is quite complicated, including T cells and DC cells (2), T cells and NK cells (3), macrophages and fibroblasts (4), etc. Among them, T cells (5) and macrophages (6) are recognized as two critical cellular components involved in RA.
What is the mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetric polyarticular joint disease that primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet. The inflammatory process is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells into the joints, leading to proliferation of synoviocytes and destruction of cartilage and bone.
How does RA affect the body?
RA commonly affects joints in the hands, wrists, and knees. In a joint with RA, the lining of the joint becomes inflamed, causing damage to joint tissue. This tissue damage can cause long-lasting or chronic pain, unsteadiness (lack of balance), and deformity (misshapenness).
What type of immune response is rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, which means that your immune system attacks healthy cells in your body by mistake, causing inflammation (painful swelling) in the affected parts of the body. RA mainly attacks the joints, usually many joints at once.
Where does RA start?
The most commonly affected areas during the onset of RA are the small joints in your hands and feet. This is where you may first feel stiffness and an ache. It’s also possible for RA inflammation to affect your knees and hips.
How are immunology and Ra related to each other?
Two developments have dovetailed to give new understanding of human autoimmune disease, and both have spearheaded new concepts of RA. Immunology has seen astonishing progress in the definition of cell types, cell–cell interactions, intracellular signaling pathways and the genetic control of immune system components.
How does immunotherapy help people with rheumatoid arthritis?
With fewer active states of disease symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis patients can continue to live a high quality of life and experience less chronic pain. What is Immunotherapy? With rheumatoid arthritis, the body’s immune system is triggered to attack healthy joint tissue.
What are the autoantibodies of rheumatoid arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies known as rheumatoid factors (RF) and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA, which includes the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody or anti-CCP). Rheumatoid factors have been long recognized as a feature of many patients with RA.
How are immune cells activated in rheumatoid arthritis?
Once the disease is triggered, immune cells migrate into the joints where they produce large quantities of immune mediators (cytokines/chemokines) leading to the activation and recruitment of more immune cells into the tissue.