Where does dr Gurdon work?
John Gurdon
| Sir John Gurdon FRS FMedSci MAE | |
|---|---|
| Fields | Biology and Developmental Biology |
| Institutions | University of Oxford University of Cambridge California Institute of Technology |
| Thesis | Nuclear transplantation in Xenopus (1960) |
| Doctoral advisor | Michael Fischberg |
What is John Gurdon known for?
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
Cloning
John Gurdon/Known for
What was the major conclusion from the Gurdon experiment?
Gurdon’s early work, supplemented by the work of Hochedlinger and Jaenisch, showed that a differentiated adult nucleus could fully reinitiate development when transplanted into an enucleated egg.
What did John Gurdon discover?
In 1962, John Gurdon removed the nucleus of a fertilized egg cell from a frog and replaced it with the nucleus of a cell taken from a tadpole’s intestine. This modified egg cell grew into a new frog, proving that the mature cell still contained the genetic information needed to form all types of cells.
What was the benefit of Professor Gurdon using ultraviolet light?
To assist with these experiments, he used ultraviolet light to destroy the egg cell’s original DNA and to make the egg cell’s membrane easier to penetrate. Gurdon also developed a specialised pipette fitted with a hypodermic tip to be used for nuclear transfer.
How did Hans Sermann separate cells?
How they did it: Spemann, again using a strand of baby hair, temporarily squeezed a fertilized salamander egg to push the nucleus to one side of the cytoplasm. The egg divided into cells—but only on the side with the nucleus. He used the noose to separate this “new” cell from the rest of the embryo.
What did Briggs and King do?
Briggs and King first worked with undifferentiated cells to ensure that both the nuclear transplant and the recipient egg cytoplasm were intact. When the transplant and recipient are undamaged, normal embryos develop.
Who cloned the first tadpole?
1952: Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King hatch 27 tadpole clones of Northern Leopard Frogs, thereby creating the first animal clones in history.
Why did Yamanaka win the Nobel Prize?
Yamanaka’s Nobel Prize–winning research in iPS cells. The 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.”
How did John Gurdon clone frogs?
Gurdon used the technique of nuclear transfer to remove the DNA from a tadpole’s intestinal cell and place it into an egg cell. Contrary to Briggs and King’s results, these cells gave rise to adult frogs.
Why did CC look different from rainbow?
C.C had a different colour coat to Rainbow because the genetic information used to clone her was taken from just one cell. This cell would have already undergone permanent X inactivation and would have had the orange making gene inactivated.
When did John Gurdon win the Nobel Prize?
In 2012 Gurdon was awarded, jointly with Shinya Yamanaka, the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine “for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent”. His Nobel Lecture was called “The Egg and the Nucleus: A Battle for Supremacy”.
Who is Sir John Gurdon and what did he do?
Sir John Bertrand Gurdon FRS FMedSci MAE (born 2 October 1933), is an English developmental biologist. He is best known for his pioneering research in nuclear transplantation and cloning.
How did John Gurdon create pluripotent stem cells?
“Pluripotent” cells are stem cells . In 1958, Gurdon, then at the University of Oxford, successfully cloned a frog using intact nuclei from the somatic cells of a Xenopus tadpole. This was an important extension of work of Briggs and King in 1952 on transplanting nuclei from embryonic blastula cells.
How did John Gurdon’s experiments change the world?
Gurdon’s experiments captured the attention of the scientific community as it altered the notion of development and the tools and techniques he developed for nuclear transfer are still used today. The term clone (from the ancient Greek word κλών (klōn, “twig”)) had already been in use since the beginning of the 20th century in reference to plants.