What is an example of a dependent t-test?
For example, you could use a dependent t-test to understand whether there was a difference in smokers’ daily cigarette consumption before and after a 6 week hypnotherapy programme (i.e., your dependent variable would be “daily cigarette consumption”, and your two related groups would be the cigarette consumption values …
What is a repeated measures t-test?
The t-test assesses whether the mean scores from two experimental conditions are statistically different from one another. A repeated-measures t-test (also known by other names such as the ‘paired samples’ or ‘related’ t-test) is what you should use in situations when your design is within participants.
What is a dependent t-test?
The dependent t-test (also called the paired t-test or paired-samples t-test) compares the means of two related groups to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between these means.
How do you write t-test results?
The basic format for reporting the result of a t-test is the same in each case (the color red means you substitute in the appropriate value from your study): t(degress of freedom) = the t statistic, p = p value. It’s the context you provide when reporting the result that tells the reader which type of t-test was used.
How do I interpret t-test results in SPSS?
Doing the T-Test Procedure in SPSS To interpret the t-test results, all you need to find on the output is the p-value for the test. To do an hypothesis test at a specific alpha (significance) level, just compare the p-value on the output (labeled as a “Sig.” value on the SPSS output) to the chosen alpha level.
How do I report independent t-test results?
How do you know if a t-test is significant?
If the computed t-score equals or exceeds the value of t indicated in the table, then the researcher can conclude that there is a statistically significant probability that the relationship between the two variables exists and is not due to chance, and reject the null hypothesis.
How do you do a repeated measures t-test in SPSS?
The steps for conducting a repeated-measures t-test in SPSS
- The data is entered in a within-subjects fashion.
- Click Analyze.
- Drag the cursor over the Compare Means drop-down menu.
- Click on Paired-Samples T Test.
- Click on the first observation of the continuous outcome.
How do you do a repeated t-test?
Paired Samples T Test By hand
- Example question: Calculate a paired t test by hand for the following data:
- Step 1: Subtract each Y score from each X score.
- Step 2: Add up all of the values from Step 1.
- Step 3: Square the differences from Step 1.
- Step 4: Add up all of the squared differences from Step 3.
How to do a paired sample t test in SPSS?
You find the paired samples t-test under A nalyze C ompare Means P aired Samples T Test as shown below. In the dialog below, select each pair of variables and move it to “Paired Variables”. For 3 pairs of variables, you need to do this 3 times. Clicking P aste creates the syntax below.
How is the t-statistic calculated in SPSS?
The single sample t-test tests the null hypothesis that the population mean is equal to the number specified by the user. SPSS calculates the t-statistic and its p-value under the assumption that the sample comes from an approximately normal distribution.
Which is the test for homogeneity of variance in SPSS?
SPSS conveniently includes a test for the homogeneity of variance, called Levene’s Test, whenever you run an independent samples t test. The hypotheses for Levene’s test are: H0: σ 12 – σ 22 = 0 (“the population variances of group 1 and 2 are equal”) H1: σ 12 – σ 22 ≠ 0 (“the population variances of group 1 and 2 are not equal”)
Can a dependent variable be included in a SPSS test?
The dependent variable should be continuous (i.e., interval or ratio). SPSS can only make use of cases that have nonmissing values for the independent and the dependent variables, so if a case has a missing value for either variable, it cannot be included in the test.